Is North pole negative charged?

[oemSpace]

Referring to following image, I would like to know what negative represents on north pole,

 

Does it represent negative charges?

 

Does anyone have any suggestions?

 

Thanks in advance for any suggestions

 

[Vancanneyt Sander]

Just like the Sun, and other Planets (and batteries) have a magnetic field with a positive and negative polarity. For the Earth the north pole has a negative polarity and the south pole a positive polarity.

The Sun has this also, but with the Sun there is a magnetic reverse every 11 years in the solar maximum where the north and south poles get the opposite polarity. This will normally be in the next coming months or so.

It's all about magnetism ;-)

[oemSpace]

Referring to following linked image, if a proton (+ve charge) move toward Earth's surface perpendicularly, this charged particle should be moved from west to east axis instead of north to south axis, based on left hand rule, do you have any suggestions on why North pole is negative polarity and the south pole is positive polarity?

Furthermore, could you please tell me where I can check the time schudule on when Sun's magnetic reverses to get the opposite polarity?

 

Thanks you very much for any suggestions

the Sun there is a magnetic reverse every 11 years in the solar maximum where 
the north and south poles get the opposite polarity. This will normally be in 
the next coming months or so.

 

[Vancanneyt Sander]

First of all, magnetism is very complex on the Sun; not only has the Sun a north and a south pole, every sunspot complex has magnetic fields which are positive or negative charged. The Sun itself has also open magnetic field lines that extend deep into the solar system, these open lines are what we also call the heliospheric current sheet:

 

Due to open field lines the solar wind can escape, so every coronal hole means that a faster solar wind speed flows out of these open "holes".  It's due to these coronal holes and the rotation of the sun that you'll see a spiral shape like you see on the solar wind models like ENLIL.

 

 

Along with the heliospheric current sheet we have the Interplanetary Magnetic Field:

At earth, the strength of this field is 6nT but can rise sharp when geomagnetic activity occurs. More info on our help pages

Depending on the orientation of the sheet, we see a positive or negative charged sector (the Bz component of the IMF)

 

When a solar flare erupts, the heliospheric current sheet is crunched as it forms a shockwave  to wherever it may be pointed. WIth the flare, a dens plasma cloud is thrown into space together with many particles and thus also electrical charged particles Because of this the direction of the IMF can be unpredictable (positive or negative).

 

Only with a southward direction of the IMF a geomagnetic storm can occur.

[oemSpace]

But heliospheric current sheet does not explain why charged particles moved toward north and south poles,

 

 

There is more description about Earth's Magnetism

 

Earth's Magnetism in HD

[Vancanneyt Sander]

As you see in the magnificent video you posted, the particles that normally are deflected by our magnetic field gets forced into the poles, but that will only happen if the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has a southward direction (negative), if the IMF stays north (positive), most of the particles are deflected unless a giant solar wind stream with speeds over 700km/sec occurs and the Earths magnetic field gets a big punch. Much depends on the IMF to get particles into Van Allen radiation belt at the poles.

 

Let's look at an example of a CME arrival with a northward and southward direction of the IMF and see what it does at the poles...

Let's start with pre-arrival of the CME, the waning effects of a coronal hole are visible, speed is elevated around 600km/sec, IMF's direction is fluctuating around 0nt.

And then, bam, a CME arrives:

The Speed is well above 800km/sec, as you can see the magnetic field is under a high pressure by the solar wind and by the strength of the wind bulking on the Earths magnetic field particles are injected in the poles but very few aurora is generated.

And then the IMF tilts southward and particles get injected:

Due to the southward direction (negative) much particles are injected and delivers strong geomagnetic storming.

[oemSpace]

Magnetic field line and current (+ve charged particles) should run perpendicularly to each other based on left hand rule.

 

But proton (+ve charged particles) go to the North pole, because North pole is (-ve charged), so magnetic field line and current go into the same direction instead of go perpendicularly to each other, which is against left hand rule, that is very confusing me.

 

 

Do you have any suggestions on how to explain this issue?

 

 

Thanks you very much for any suggestions

[Vancanneyt Sander]

You must look broader here, the left hand rule is not the way that the cosmic physics works. It's much more complex than that. If i was a solar scientist i would explain to you in every detail but i'm not. I understand the basics very well of the complex structures of the magnetic fields and i know that the particles are injected anyway whenever a southward (negative) direction of the interplanetary magnetic filed occurs. Do not forget that the IMF is a vector, and it has three axis of it's own (Bz, Bx and By, the strength of the total field is Bt). And not to forget the complex substorms that can occur which are still under much investigation on how these occur.

If it was as simple as a left hand rule... but it's a lot more than that.

 

For more information these articles:

• magnetospheric electrodynamics
• Magnetospheric dynamics
• Magnetosphere
• The role of the bow shock
• The Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere System

And as an extra this really great book about the magnetosphere

[Marian Wstecznienakrapiany]

Magnetic field of Earth is very complex and has multiple layers - magnetospheric fieldlines reach all the way from the planet's core to IMF, where they connect themselves with heliosphere. Besides, both magnetic poles of the planet are actually dipolar by themselves: + from S Pole connects with - on N Pole and vice versa: - from S Pole connects with + on N Pole. If on one of the Poles + is stronger than -, then entire pole is considered, as positively charged...

Positively charged particles move along magnetic fieldlines on a helical path (they create flux tubes), so the R and L hand rules work nicely here